Graphite (C) is one of the carbon polymorphs (with diamond and lonsdaleite). Its hexagonal layered structure produces the softest collectible mineral (Mohs 1–2) and an excellent dry lubricant. Graphite forms in metamorphic rocks (marble, schist) from the regional metamorphism of organic-rich sediments. The Sri Lanka and Madagascar deposits supply commercial flake graphite.
Key Facts
- Mohs hardness 1–2 — softest common mineral.
- Hexagonal layered structure; basal cleavage produces flexible flakes.
- Carbon polymorph with diamond — same chemistry, opposite hardness.
- Conducts electricity along basal planes (anisotropic).
- Major source for lithium-ion battery anodes.
Notable Localities
Bogala Mine (Sri Lanka) and Madagascar are the world’s largest flake graphite producers. Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang supply Chinese industrial graphite.
Found at these Localities
- Merelani Hills (梅雷拉尼山(坦桑石产地))
- Inner Mongolia (内蒙古)
