Pyrope (Mg₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃) is the magnesium end-member of the garnet group and completes the pyralspite trio with almandine (Fe) and spessartine (Mn). Its name from Greek “pyropos” (fiery-eyed) reflects the deep wine-red to blood-red color from chromium and iron substitution. Pyrope is famous as the host garnet of diamond-bearing kimberlite pipes, and as Bohemian Garnet — the historic gem of European royal jewelry from 17th-century mines in the modern Czech Republic.
Key Facts
- Mohs hardness 7–7.5.
- Isometric (cubic); typical dodecahedral crystals embedded in kimberlite or alluvial gravels.
- Specific gravity 3.7 — lighter than almandine (4.3) of similar appearance.
- Deep red color from Cr³⁺ + Fe substitution; rare colorless and pale-pink varieties exist.
- Diagnostic indicator mineral for diamond exploration in kimberlite host rocks.
Notable Localities
Bohemian Highlands (Czech Republic) is the historical type and gem source. Kimberley (South Africa) hosts kimberlite Pyrope. Arizona “anthill garnets” yield small alluvial crystals.
Found at these Localities
- Bohemia / Moldau River Strewn Field (波西米亚摩尔达维河陨击玻璃产地)
