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Mineral Species · Silicates

Elbaite

锂电气石

Na(Li,Al)₃Al₆(BO₃)₃Si₆O₁₈(OH)₄

Elbaite (Na(Li,Al)₃Al₆(BO₃)₃Si₆O₁₈(OH)₄) is the lithium-bearing end-member of the tourmaline group and the species responsible for the iconic gem-color tourmalines. Different trace elements produce strikingly different varieties: rubellite (red-pink, manganese), indicolite (blue, iron), verdelite (green, iron+chrome),…

Crystal system

Trigonal

Hardness

7–7.5

Specific gravity

3.05

Elbaite (Na(Li,Al)₃Al₆(BO₃)₃Si₆O₁₈(OH)₄) is the lithium-bearing end-member of the tourmaline group and the species responsible for the iconic gem-color tourmalines. Different trace elements produce strikingly different varieties: rubellite (red-pink, manganese), indicolite (blue, iron), verdelite (green, iron+chrome), watermelon (zoned pink-green), and Paraíba (electric blue-green, copper). Elbaite is named for Elba, Italy — its type locality.

Key Facts

  • Mohs hardness 7–7.5 — durable for gem use.
  • Trigonal symmetry; signature triangular cross-section visible at terminations.
  • Long prismatic crystals with vertical striations.
  • Strong piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties.
  • Color zoning across crystal length is common — a single crystal may transition through 3+ colors.

Notable Localities

Minas Gerais (Brazil), Pala District (California), and the Paraíba mines (Brazil) produce world-class material. China has minor pegmatite occurrences in Xinjiang and Yunnan, primarily companion to Schorl.

Found at these Localities

Notable Localities

Where to find collector-grade Elbaite.

Cruzeiro Mine

Minas Gerais, Brazil

Pala District

California, USA

Parau00edba mines

Brazil

Elba Island

Italy (type locality)

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