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Mineral Species · Silicates (Phyllosilicates

Phlogopite

金云母

KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH,F)₂

Phlogopite (KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH,F)₂) is the magnesium end-member of the biotite series and the distinctive bronze-yellow to brown mica. It forms in metamorphosed dolomitic limestones and ultramafic rocks, often as large transparent honey-colored books. Mg-rich phlogopite is…

Crystal system

Monoclinic

Hardness

2–2.5

Specific gravity

2.86

Phlogopite (KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH,F)₂) is the magnesium end-member of the biotite series and the distinctive bronze-yellow to brown mica. It forms in metamorphosed dolomitic limestones and ultramafic rocks, often as large transparent honey-colored books. Mg-rich phlogopite is a refractory mineral that survives in mantle xenoliths and kimberlite pipes.

Key Facts

  • Mohs hardness 2–2.5.
  • Monoclinic phyllosilicate; perfect basal cleavage.
  • Bronze-yellow to brown from Fe³⁺ trace content; pure Mg phlogopite is pale gold.
  • Refractory mica stable in mantle environments — kimberlite indicator alongside forsterite.
  • Forms in metamorphosed dolomites and ultramafic intrusions.

Notable Localities

Burgess (Ontario, Canada) and Madagascar yield large transparent honey-brown books. Phalaborwa (South Africa) hosts industrial phlogopite. Mongolia supplies high-quality collector material.

Found at these Localities

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Related Minerals

Chemistry and crystal-system companions of Phlogopite.

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