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C

Mineral Species · Oxides

Citrine

黄水晶

SiO₂ (quartz var.)

Citrine is the yellow to orange-brown variety of quartz, colored by Al³⁺ + Fe³⁺ + radiation defects. Most commercial citrine is heat-treated amethyst (the natural conversion is rare). Bahia and Minas Gerais (Brazil) produce iconic…

Crystal system

Trigonal

Hardness

7

Specific gravity

2.65

Citrine is the yellow to orange-brown variety of quartz, colored by Al³⁺ + Fe³⁺ + radiation defects. Most commercial citrine is heat-treated amethyst (the natural conversion is rare). Bahia and Minas Gerais (Brazil) produce iconic gem-quality citrine, often in bicolor “ametrine” zoned with amethyst from Bolivia.

Key Facts

  • Mohs hardness 7.
  • Trigonal quartz variety.
  • Yellow to orange color from Fe³⁺ + Al³⁺ substitutions.
  • Most “citrine” in commerce is heat-treated amethyst.
  • “Ametrine” is bicolor amethyst-citrine from Anahí Mine (Bolivia).

Notable Localities

Bahia and Minas Gerais (Brazil) supply natural and heat-treated citrine. Anahí Mine (Bolivia) produces iconic ametrine.

Found at these Localities

Available in our shop

Hand-selected Citrine specimens, vetted for authenticity.

Specimens for this mineral are coming soon. Browse all Chinese specimens in the meantime.

Related Minerals

Chemistry and crystal-system companions of Citrine.

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