Citrine is the yellow to orange-brown variety of quartz, colored by Al³⁺ + Fe³⁺ + radiation defects. Most commercial citrine is heat-treated amethyst (the natural conversion is rare). Bahia and Minas Gerais (Brazil) produce iconic gem-quality citrine, often in bicolor “ametrine” zoned with amethyst from Bolivia.
Key Facts
- Mohs hardness 7.
- Trigonal quartz variety.
- Yellow to orange color from Fe³⁺ + Al³⁺ substitutions.
- Most “citrine” in commerce is heat-treated amethyst.
- “Ametrine” is bicolor amethyst-citrine from Anahí Mine (Bolivia).
Notable Localities
Bahia and Minas Gerais (Brazil) supply natural and heat-treated citrine. Anahí Mine (Bolivia) produces iconic ametrine.
Found at these Localities
- Eastern Brazilian Pegmatite Province (巴西东部伟晶岩省)
- Oumjrane Mining Area (奥姆贾兰矿区)
- Bou Azzer District (布·阿扎尔钴矿区)
- Imiter Mine (伊米泰尔银矿)
- Rapid Creek (Yukon) (育空地区急流溪磷酸盐产地)
- Tri-State Mining District (Joplin) (三州矿区(乔普林))
- Swiss Alps (Alpine-Cleft Province) (瑞士阿尔卑斯高山裂隙矿物产地)
- Maharashtra Deccan Traprock Zeolites (马哈拉施特拉德干玄武岩沸石产地)
- Trimouns Talc Mine (特里穆滑石矿(法国))
- Siegerland District (西格兰铁矿区)
- Příbram (普日布拉姆银矿)
- Cornwall Mining District (康沃尔矿区)
- Ural Emerald Mines (乌拉尔祖母绿矿)
- Kongsberg (康斯堡银矿)
- Kharan, Balochistan (卡兰板钛矿产地)
- Kalgoorlie–Boulder (卡尔古利金碲矿)
- Săcărâmb (Nagyág) (萨卡拉姆布金碲矿)
- Panasqueira (帕纳斯凯拉钨矿)
- Cavradi Gorge (卡瓦拉迪峡谷)
- Volyn (Volodarsk-Volynskii) (沃伦伟晶岩区)
- Skardu / Shigar Valley (斯卡都/希加尔峡谷)
- Madagascar Pegmatites (Sahatany / Antsirabe) (马达加斯加伟晶岩区)
- Sweet Home Mine (甜蜜之家矿)
- Ouro Preto Region (欧鲁普雷图矿区)
- Llallagua (Siglo XX) (亚亚瓜矿)
- Erongo Mountains (埃龙戈山)
- Heqing Cu-Ag-Pb-Zn District (鹤庆铜银铅锌矿区)
- Yangla Copper Mine (羊拉铜矿)
- Xinglonggou (Fushun Amber Beds) (兴隆沟琥珀产地(抚顺))
- Shimen Realgar-Orpiment Mine (石门雄黄雌黄矿)
- Xiaoqinling Gold Field (小秦岭金矿田)
- Ying Silver Mine (银矿(豫西银多金属矿带))
- Erbutu Molybdenum Mine (二八图钼矿)
- Dachang Tin-Polymetallic Field (大厂锡多金属矿田)
- Yaogangxian Mine (瑶岗仙矿)
- Hubei (湖北)
- Sichuan (四川)
- Hunan (湖南)
