Carbonates minerals

Ankerite

铁白云石

Ca(Fe,Mg,Mn)(CO₃)₂

Ankerite (Ca(Fe,Mg,Mn)(CO₃)₂) is the iron-magnesium-manganese variant of the dolomite group, forming a continuous solid-solution with dolomite. It is named after Austrian mineralogist…

Aragonite

霰石

CaCO₃

Aragonite (CaCO₃) is the orthorhombic polymorph of calcium carbonate, distinct from calcite by its denser packing and pseudo-hexagonal twinning. It forms acicular…

Aurichalcite

绿铜锌矿

Aurichalcite is a hydrous copper-zinc carbonate forming delicate pale-blue to blue-green acicular crystal sprays. It is one of the most beautiful secondary…

Bastnäsite

氟碳铈矿

Bastnäsite is the world's most economically important rare-earth-element (REE) mineral, a fluorocarbonate of cerium, lanthanum and neodymium. The Bayan Obo deposit in…

Cerussite

白铅矿

PbCO₃

Cerussite (PbCO₃) is lead carbonate, the aragonite-group analog where Pb replaces Ca. It is the iconic secondary lead mineral of the oxidized…

Dolomite

白云石

CaMg(CO₃)₂

Dolomite (CaMg(CO₃)₂) is a calcium-magnesium carbonate and one of the most widespread minerals on Earth. It forms massive sedimentary rock units (the…

Hydrozincite

水锌矿

Hydrozincite is a hydrated zinc carbonate that occurs as white to gray earthy crusts and porcelain-like masses in oxidized zinc ores. It…

Leadhillite

白铅矿

Leadhillite is a complex lead sulfate-carbonate-hydroxide that produces some of the most architecturally distinctive crystal forms of any lead secondary mineral —…

Magnesite

菱镁矿

MgCO₃

Magnesite (MgCO₃) is the magnesium end-member of the calcite-group carbonates. It forms by hydrothermal alteration of ultramafic rocks and as primary precipitate…

Rhodochrosite

菱锰矿

MnCO₃

Rhodochrosite (MnCO₃) is the manganese carbonate, isostructural with calcite. Its name from Greek "rhodon" (rose) and "chros" (color) reflects the vibrant pink-to-rose-red…

Rosasite

蓝绿铜锌矿

Rosasite is a copper-zinc carbonate closely related to aurichalcite but typically forming more solid botryoidal crusts and small spherical aggregates rather than…

Siderite

菱铁矿

FeCO₃

Siderite (FeCO₃) is the iron-rich member of the calcite-group carbonate trio (with calcite, magnesite, rhodochrosite). It forms in sedimentary banded iron formations,…

Smithsonite

菱锌矿

ZnCO₃

Smithsonite (ZnCO₃) is a secondary zinc carbonate that forms in the oxidized cap of zinc-lead deposits. It is famous for botryoidal, grape-like…

Strontianite

碳酸锶矿

SrCO₃

Strontianite (SrCO₃) is strontium carbonate — the carbonate analog of celestite (SrSO₄). Discovered in 1790 in Strontian, Scotland (the type-locality), it gave…

Witherite

碳酸钡矿

BaCO₃

Witherite (BaCO₃) is barium carbonate — the carbonate analog of baryte (BaSO₄). Named after English chemist William Withering, it is the principal…

Calcite

方解石

CaCO₃

CaCO₃ · Trigonal · Mohs 3

Malachite

孔雀石

Cu2(CO3)(OH)2

Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 . Monoclinic . Mohs 3.5-4

Azurite

蓝铜矿

Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2

Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 . Monoclinic . Mohs 3.5-4